MY WIKI

The Law Making Process in Italy

The law making process in Italy is conferred to the Parliament. It is made up of the 'Camera dei Deputati' and the 'Senato della Repubblica'. It is a bicameral system. Both of the Houses have the same power, and the same functions. They are elected every five years (or less if it's necessary) with a direct nomination of the delegates from the alle elctoral corp. The 'Camera dei Deputati' counts 630 delegates, instead the 'Senato della Repubblica' counts 315 delegates plus 5 senators for life and the ex-Presidents of the Republic. Every House has a President (which is super-partes) and a settlement.

There are 3 steps in order to promulgate a law:
1) the legislative initiative;
2) the approval of the Houses;
3) the promulgation and publication.

1) It could be by a governmental initiative ('disegno di legge'), or a Houses initiative ('progetto di legge'), a popular initiative (a proposal of almost 50.000 electors), a CNEL initiative, a regional or municipial initiative.

2) It consists of the approval of both the Houses of the same law's text.
There are 3 types of procedures in order to promulgate a law:
a) ordinary process => the lw is examined by the component of Commissions and then it's approved in the Houses;
b) decentralized process => the law is examined and voted on by the competent Commissions;
c) mixed process => the law is written from the competent Commssions and it's approved by the Houses.

3) The promulgation occurs by the end of a month with a decree of the 'President of the Republic'. The President can oppose the law and so it will not be published ('veto'-only once).
The publication occurs by the end of 30days from the promulgation with the mark of the Law Minister. The law will be written on the 'Raccolta Ufficiale' and on the 'Gazzetta Ufficiale'.



References:
Martines, T. (2007). Diritto Costituzionale, Edizione per i corsi univeristari di base. Milano: Giuffrè Editore.

THE SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE (summary)

The Sydney Opera House is situated in Sydney Harbour, Australia, close to Sydney Harbour Bridge. The construction started in 1959 and was completed in 1973, when it was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth. It was expected to cost $7million, but finally it cost $102 million. It is recognizable for its roof shells; in this building there are five theatres, five rehearsal studios, two main halls, four restaurants, six bars and several shops.

LESSON 26/03

LISTENING
Some advices for the test in Cambridge exams.

SKILLS:
gist - general meanings
specific info /detail / identify
attitude / feeling /opinion

TASKS:
gap fill
multiple choice
matching

TEXTS:
dialogues - phone conversation / meeting / interview
monologues - talk / presentation
announcements
short extracts / long extracts


NEW VOCABULARY
harassment = bullismo
shop lifting = svaligiare / rubare in un negozio
unemployed = disoccupato

LESSON 19/03

*Countable and uncountable

COUNTABLE:
1.a wood (a small forest)
2.an apple
3. -
4.a travel
5. -
6. -
7.an iron
8. -
9.an headache
10.a business (a company)
11.a chicken
12. -
13.a coffee
14. -
15.a country (nation)
16. -
17. -
18.a chocolate (a sweet)
19.a hair (individual)
20.a trip
21.a work (of art)
22.a cold
23.a toast (brindisi)
24.a fruit (variety)
25. -
26. -

UNCOUNTABLE:
1.wood ( substance)
2.apple
3.bread
4.travel
5.flu
6.forniture
7.iron (metal)
8.information
9. -
10.business (activity)
11.chicken
12.luggage
13.coffee
14.advice
15.country (countryside)
16.news
17.weather
18.chocolate
19.hair
20. -
21.work (activity)
22.cold (sensation)
23.toast
24.fruit
25.equipment
26.rubbish
--activities/substances/masses--

*Articles:

a) indefinite = a/an
b)definite = the
c)zero = 0
d)demostratives = this/that/these/those
e)possesive/adjectives = my/your/his/her/its/their/(own)
f)quantifiers = some/many/(a) few/much/little/all/another/either/neither/both/any...
g)noun modifiers = a car(s) window/a wine(s) shop

LEARNING STYLES & MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCESFI

First of all we have to say that the various multiple intelligences that exist are not enclosed blocks. So, for example, a person who has a visual intelligence, could also present some aspects from the kinesthetic one.
In the test I results having a visual intelligence. It is true! In fact I use different ways of underscores and I take notes while teacher speaking. Usually I use studying with diagrams or summaries. I like to study in a isolated and quite place.
But I said in the first paragraph that these intelligences are not isolated.
I repeat text out loud, I create mnemonics to aid memorization and I use many examples in order to explain better the facts. I take frequent study breaks (one every hour more or less!) and I underline also with colours or, as I wrote while speaking about the visual intelligence, I underline with different marks. These are all features that refer to auditory and tactile intelligences.
However, despite the way of study, everyone has his better method and everyone retains useful his way.

LESSON 13/03

*Learning Style:

Learning style affects our way of study...
multiple intelligences:
a) visual
b) auditory
c)kinesthetic


*Types of mistakes while speaking:

a) cause misunderstandings
b) block communication
c) don't block communication

-blocks or confuses=false friends/collocation/tense
-doesn't block=3rd person 's'/structure (we have to correct ourselves!)


*Vocabulary:

-to hum=to make a sound with your lips pressed togheter
-to figure something out=to solve a problem
-to act something out=to perform a story/event like an acto
-to exhibit=an object in a museum or gallery
-a scowl/a frown=an unhappy/angry face
-stimuli=stimolare
-concourse=piazza (false friend)


*Ideas for a legal vocabulary:

-legal sources
-examples (causes,judgments,decisions)
-diagrams (court,parliament,processes)
-how to interpret
-important legal business
-keywods/glossary (also whit links)